Ben, let me see if I can get my slides up. Okay, so welcome to the first of three workshops that the Alaska Federation of Natives is hosting on the protection of Alaska Native subsistence rights and uses. My name is Tyson cotta. I'm a lawyer in the Washington DC Office of Ben S. Feldman. By way of background, my practice focuses on a variety of federal natural resource statutes and their application in Alaska and the lower 48 states. I've been fortunate to have been able to work with and represent a number of Alaska Native entities and organizations on issues related to subsistence, and resource management. So I'm hoping to bring some of that perspective to to this presentation. And lastly, you know, Ben and AFN, I thank you for the invitation to give this presentation. So today, in this workshop session, I'm hoping to provide an overview of Alaska subsistence framework, I'm going to start with a brief summary of the historical treatment of the lot of Alaska Natives subsistence rights, prior to statehood, and then in the early statehood era, also discuss sort of the more recent establishment of the federal statutory regime and how that affects subsistence rights, and then discuss where we are today with the dual federal state management under a nilka. So with that, I will launch okay. So starting out at sort of the very earliest want to summarize some of the history that informs subsistence and Aboriginal rights, because it's important to track that up until the sort of the federal statutory era. I don't need to say this, but the Alaska indigenous people have resided in the state for millennia. For the vast majority of this time, there was no influence from from Western or European nations. Instead, the First Alaskans manage their own resources in accordance with their own nutritional needs and their cultural and traditional practices. Starting in about 1741, Russia claimed ownership of Alaska by virtue of discovery, but that in quotes, in reality, Russian occupation wasn't extensive. I think at the most there were maybe 800 Russians posted in Alaska. So this era was basically characterized with, you know, some sort of, I guess, minimal involvement of Western people. And the point here to recognize is that Russia, claimed Alaska by virtue of discovery, and under this doctrine of discovery, as it's called, indigenous people have illegal as well as just claimed to retain possession of their lands, the lands that the indigenous people have historically occupied, but it also gives the discovery nation than any successor the right to acquire full title to the land, used and occupied by the indigenous occupants. You know, this stage that was never really exercised, you start seeing that come out as we move later. So in 1867, the United States acquired Alaska from Russia through the Treaty of session. Notably, Article Three of the treaty provides that the Alaskan indigenous peoples will be subject to those laws that the United States may adopt. I've included the text of the article here. And I regret the recitation of the offensive language, but I thought it was important to include that to give a flavor of what the legal history was at this time between the federal governments and the Alaska Native people. Moving to sort of the pre statehood era, I would say generally, the early laws acknowledged the illicit the existence of the Alaska Native peoples Aboriginal rights. You had the Organic Act in 1884, which establishes civil government within Alaska. Notably, that act stated that the Indians or other persons in said district shall not be disturbed in the possession of any lands, actually, in their use or occupation are now claimed by them. But it also reserved the terms by which someone could have been tired of that title to that land for future legislation by Congress. We also see some other laws that came out at this time that recognize the right So the Alaska Native people and provide accommodations for subsistence. For example, in 1900, there was an extension of federal mining laws to Alaska. That again, provided that the Alaska Native people were not to be disturbed in their use and occupancy, occupancy of lands.