AMO’s Program in Atomically precise Manufacturing and Nanocarbon metals | Tina Kaarsberg, DOE
6:39AM Apr 29, 2021
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So thank you so, so much for joining. As you know, it's really, really fantastic. I know that we'll probably have a lot of questions from people in the group. So what we will do is Tina will start with a little bit of a discussion at the beginning with a few slides. I'll be showing the slides. And then afterwards, you know, we'll open it up for your questions. And I think Tina has a few questions for you as well. So we can hopefully establish a little bit of a back and forth. Okay, well, I will now start the slides.
All right. Thank you, Allison, for that introduction. And good morning, California. And thank you for inviting me. I'm a little less prepared than I'd like to be because and my slide formatting is a little bit rough because I just got finished. Running two workshops that many of you might be interested in. One is still my background. This is the ultra precision control for ultra alter, excuse me ultra efficient devices. That workshop was the second workshop in a series on semiconductor r&d for energy efficiency, intended to inform our portfolio of semiconductor research, development, demonstration and deployment or rd P and P. Planning. workshops are one of the major mechanisms that the advanced manufacturing office or mo uses to get formal input on future research directions. But we also use informal methods. And that is part of my purpose here today, I will provide a brief history and background on ammo and a brief history of atomically, precise manufacturing and ammo, and then some, some future directions that I would like to discuss with you. along the way. I will get into details of some of our research projects. But I want this to be a dialogue. So please interrupt me with any questions as I go. Next slide please. So ello is involved in atomically precise manufacturing because we believe it's an important pathway for energy efficiency. And energy efficiency is our mission. It's the first part of the title of our parent office, the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. And in a mo a very busy staff of more than 17 manages a budget of nearly 400 million per year. More than half of this budget goes to rd D and D projects that are targeted high impact investments for next generation, materials process and energy supply technologies. Next in size with approximately a third of ammo is budget our r&d consortia, including several manufacturing USA institutes that tackle specific technical challenges, like the power America consortium efforts to deploy wide bandgap semiconductors, and energy efficient power electronics. Currently, we have a technical partnerships area which provides direct technical assistance to us manufacturers and workers. As we look at new, new and refurbished technical areas for potential investment, we consider whether they're appropriate for projects consortia and or partnerships. Next slide please. Okay, here are some background on the typical manufacturing industries we deal with, as well as our six guiding principles or goals for the ammo. In the past, ammo has focused on reducing the energy intensity of manufacturers themselves. And that is still a top goal, including for atomically precise manufacturing. ammo now has a mandate to partner with manufacturers to make things that are more energy efficient and reduce carbon emissions. And most of the ideas I have for the future of APM, in particular for ultra precision control for ultra energy efficient devices, most strongly support this goal number two, to reduce the life cycle energy and resource impacts of manufactured goods. But as I hope you will see, they also support decarbonisation circular economy, technology transition workforce, and workforce goals. Next slide please. Why does ammo care about atomic petition? We began work on atomically precise manufacturing based on hypothesis, then increasing control at the atomic scale is an important pathway to greater energy efficiency and productivity. APM is the next step in a long history of ultra precise manufacturing and ever smaller scales. Of course, precision is not the only consideration as it can trade off with cost throughput. Process intensity ammo, explored these trade offs in our discussions and recent workshops really kind of glitchy in 1983 accurately predicted that we would achieve commercial atomic scale accuracy and in around 2020 not surprisingly in semiconductor manufacturing are most of the key manufacturing technical advances being supported it ammo pertain to sort of larger normal manufacturing scales. For example, at the micron scale, recent developments in electron beam powder bed fusion have surpassed the additive manufacturing precision of laser powder bed fusion techniques are an important part of an most current metallurgy portfolio. Though lbps is more widespread and affordable, but electron beam powder bed fusion may turn out to be a key technology for highly conductive materials.
And Woz efforts in ultra precise manufacturing recognize that much of the cutting edge is at the nano or even atomic scale. semiconductor manufacturing is only one of many applications that will benefit from ultra precision manufacturing, but is possibly the application area within the APM portfolio that is closest to commercialization. Next slide. Here's an outline of my talk, which proceeds mainly in historical order. I understand that my predecessor and the founder of the APM effort at Mo, David Forrest has spoken to this group before. And so you may know more about this early history of APM and ammo than I do. So please do not hesitate to chime in. Next slide. Of course, as we all do, one of the first things that David did, and this is our tradition was to hold a workshop on atomically precise manufacturing. I believe and think you we'll see that this workshop was seminal in the development of the program. I don't know exactly why the workshop report never came out. But by the time I arrived in August of 2019, it seemed to be a little late to publish it. At that time, I heard a lot of skepticism about the key quads of energy savings. As we heard last week from President Biden we will be trying to cut us carbon emissions 50% by 2030. And if that were done purely through energy efficiency, that would be nearly 50 watts. Next slide. The evolution of David's thinking on APM can also be seen in the variations on the SBR topic focus. You can see the first topic in 2015 must have been developed in 2014. And at first APM was a subset of other efforts. And these areas include catalyst membranes, eventually hydrogen passivation lithography, molecular machines and gas separation. By the time David retired, Mo was managing 15 projects and APM totaling more than 10,000,010 different company. Starting in 2015, he founded two companies who do work on membranes, where atomic precision was desired, but not required. One of these companies global r&d, recently received a fourth two year SPI our phase two D award to commercialize its nano membranes, and one of the applications for these member membranes is for oxygen generation that would come in very handy right now. Next year with the US Office of Science, basic energy sciences, you find it 11 companies just specifically do work on atomically precise membranes. This proves to be a bit challenging and none of these companies graduated to later stages. Later that year, he went on, he went back to capitol alysus and one of these companies during extra renewables is now considered a success story for the catalyst molecule, detergent molecule it discovered an FYI 17 had tried again with membranes, and while advances were made, only one company in geomat achieved success. Later in 2017, he returned to a catalyst focus and again one company fulcrum bio sciences went on to phase two and will be competing this year for a phase two B commercialization grant. In FYI, a team with the ies he began funding STM lithography research that is become the foundation of our ultra energy efficient semiconductor device work. Also during this time, he began finding higher performance conductor work that resulted in the nano aluminum success story. And possibly will become part of the APM portfolio. Next slide, please. Sorry, I haven't updated this chart past 2018. But I can tell you that APM funding definitely peaked in 2018. With win 10 million in SBI. Our research was matched by approximately 8 million in funding under the emerging research explorations for when matching funds are considered the new funding for five projects with seven Institute's totals 9.7 million. Next slide.
In addition to the five project funding for the five projects, labeled as atomic precision, in 20, the 2018 era Thor had another 2 million for self assembling graphene nano rivets, which I believe may ultimately become an APM related project. Also, no slide includes the original categories that David developed for his APM portfolio, positional assembly, photolysis, and 3d and 3d positional assembly. But over time, I believe he changed his views on what he considered to be true APM. In particular, the base position of assembly is only partially a top down approach. It involves what I am now calling a Guided Self assembly steps, for example, where the hydrogen easily passivates the silicon surface on its own, and later when phosphine and other Dobin precursor gas deposits themselves on the site prepared by this scanning tunneling microscope. In fact, we discovered that sometimes ultra doping occurs when COVID atoms attach themselves to the SDM created dangling bonds. Next slide. So, one of the six era projects with its ibex team was to focus on creating and testing atomically precise 2d materials using a scanning tunneling microscope that pulls individual hydrogen atoms out of a surface and then uses a coding procedure to substitute other atoms in their place, or Dobyns. In the process of doing this work. I've learned a lot about how to engineer an image, the STM patterning of the silicon, much of which is highly relevant in semiconductor manufacturing. As I will describe this project underpin significant APM advances for applications including quantum computing, and nano electronic devices. The chart at the right shows some of the groundbreaking research done by Dr. x, part subcontractor, NIST, on to Adam and three by three atomic arrays, the so called coolum diamonds are the energy levels of individual atoms, individual electrons are gated through the devices. Next slide, please. The Draper award winning pi at the University of Texas at Dallas is working to increase the operating speed of molecular assembler microscope kept by a factor of 100 to 1000 times using high precision circuit and power engineering and then space micro fabrication technologies to advance APM for a wide range of clean energy applications. Next slide. Oh, wait a minute. You can see here, different tips that were used, and the different techniques using memes and that's supposed to illustrate that memes works just as well as piezo electric except it's 10 times faster, so far, haven't quite gotten to 1000 times faster. Next slide. Okay, University of California, in Los Angeles, the UCLA team with substantial lead leg when their industrial partner was acquired by the Canadian Inc note company. Now you may wonder why. But apparently this was viewed as a technology to deposit very small amount of atoms on a bank note to prevent fraud. But we believe that this company is now the core of Canada's approximately $200 million atomically precise manufacturing program. Not much information has been released, maybe you know more, but we have learned from vendors that they have ordered several dozens of the oma crown flow capture stms machine that UCLA is developing. Its using to develop atomically sharp by using a diamond toy pool to grab and position molecules and build atomically precise structures. UCLA is working pretty Probably the lowest TRL effort in the group. But it is clear that three dimensional control will be a significant advance in atomically precise manufacturing for a wide range of applications. Next slide.
Temple University has been designing and synthesizing atomically precise structures using thermal unique molecular building blocks and software design tools or molecular Lego to create much more energy efficient and higher yield, bottom up approach to creating catalysts for polyester production. Its bottom up approach also could increase the recyclability of a polyesters and other plastics that now cause ecosystem destroying microplastic pollution. In its first year, Kim Kimble already successfully scaled up, its rolling and we're building blocks to multi kilogram scale. So that's probably the most advanced manufacturing technology of the group. Next slide. The Dana Farber Cancer Institute team, in collaboration with its partner Oxford University, has been funded to build a purchase of a kind first generation molecular three dimensional printer that is itself atomically precise. synthesis of the DNA origami based nano systems is massively parallel and the molecular scale of this assemblers enabled creation of painted the 12 Akiko mole of products simultaneously like other this project, like several of the other APM projects were delayed severely by COVID jurisdictions in both cambridges. But now the teams are exploring two different architectures, the dmci stack architecture, including a beast and frame sub architectures, and the Oxford wrap architecture, which includes a one arrow sub architecture, the frame sub architecture is shown in the upper right, as a schematic is a computer simulation. And finally is a transmission electron microscope image. No experimental data and even the simulation data shown are much more organic looking. The schematic diagram, it's a little hard to see on the left is showing up when the FCI print your arms, showing the printer head at multiple printer heads at the top, in the middle, and at the bottom of the printer arm. Next slide, please. So that concludes my review of the 2015 to 2019 APM efforts. I'd like to describe now where the six era projects are going. If I mentioned, all of them are still active, most of them would have been completed by now. But most of them have now gotten delayed between six and 12 months, it could be COVID related delays. But it's now looking pretty much like all of them will be meeting their goals. And so for each of these six projects, I want to engage with you on how we're going to try to leverage their accomplishments and expand it some into some new areas. The first most obvious one to me was to take the work with open silikon and turn that into a potential program and atomic petition for micro electronics. And I did like it would be for me develop an SBR topic in that area. Next slide, please. But before I go into the specifics of our planning for microelectronics, I need to explain to you what is now the strongest driver up to focus on semiconductor r&d that many others seem to think should be housed at the Department of Defense, NIST, or an NSF based on recent proposals, but with our new mission, and it's clear that deely and ammo have important contributions to make our in our new mission. We are not only are we to get to a zero carbon grid by 2035. Last Thursday, we got another ambitious mandate from the Biden administration,
which has made Deeley the cornerstone of its efforts to combat the climate crisis. And noted before this goal is to reduce in only 10 years carbon emissions by 50% or equivalently energy used by 50 clients. From her first day in office. Our secretary is emphasized knew his role in making it make science is to make scientific breakthroughs, fundamental technologies and deploy the technologies in a way that creates good paying jobs, encourage racial justice and encourages collaboration. Last week, animos Assistant Secretary repeated these things, and link flattening the curve of semiconductor energy used to addressing the climate crisis. He also talked about the potential for increasing good paying jobs by bringing semiconductor manufacturing back to the US and the need for encouraging collaboration across the government and to bring disadvantaged communities into the climate and ultra energy efficiency challenge. Next slide. We hear regularly from climate scientists about why emissions reduction in the next 10 years is so urgent. But there's another reason you need ultra energy efficiency for semiconductors, even without considering the climate impact. Last week, five speakers including me, showed some version of this semiconductor Research Corporation chart about how semiconductor use after energy use after decades of being fairly negligible. That started to increase exponentially, doubling every three years 30% a year and could become a significant fraction of planetary energy use in the next decade. This trend will alarming is not surprising, given the confluence of the end of Moore's Law efficiency increases, and the rapid digital utilisation and virtualization of our whole modern economy, even absent a climate crisis, we cannot economically afford to let semiconductor energy use become a significant fraction of planetary energy use because SRC projects that cause its economic benefits to disappear. But with the climate crisis, we really can't afford to let semiconductors become part of the problem rather than the solution. Note that this is a log chart, this straight line is an exponential increase 30% versus human energy production, which is growing only at 2% a year. Ultra energy efficiency is desperately needed in the coming decade because we really don't want to reach that market dynamics limit. Next slide please. As I mentioned at the beginning, we first started expanding our work on APM by writing another SBR topic, this time called atomic precision for micro electronics, lead selected five projects, which are displayed here. Later, we had an open lab lab call. And lo and behold, two of the projects also were related to atomic petition for micro electronics. like David, we knew that in order for this portfolio to grow, we wouldn't need to hold a workshop. But in addition to the workshops, we got some help from Congress, as well as the Biden administration. When we began our workshop series in January, it was right after the enactment of the important laws, Energy Act of 2020, which specifically authorized ammo to work on smart manufacturing, including centers and controls and decarbonisation, and the chips act of 2020. Which authorized God do we and other agencies increased efforts and coordination ON Semiconductor r&d. After our first workshop in January, the Biden Harris administration also weighed in strongly on semiconductors with a February executive order, the march JOBS Act and the April fiscal year 2022. Skinny budget request, which included funding for a manufacturing USA Institute on semiconductors. Do you have any questions at this point now about the current portfolio on this? What would I call ultra precision for ultra energy efficiency?
Perhaps if you do, you can raise your hand here in the us in the future. Oh, wait
a minute. I see. There's two things in the chat. Sorry, I haven't been monitoring the chat. I believe David's also funded Kobe. And that has been very successful. Oh, okay. I'd be I'd be like, I'd like to hear about covalent success. By the time I joined the program, they were no longer in funded. C, E three, center Berkeley, an effort led by UC Berkeley and Eli blondo Vich. And so what is that related to
your goal of improving energy efficiency of semiconductors? So the NSF Science and Technology Center? Oh, yeah,
yeah, yeah, I know. I learned Lloyd Whitman spoke at our Get our workshop last week. And he mentioned that as well. And we we are aware of some of those. Apparently that's no longer funding projects. Hold on let people around the conference and we'd be happy to talk with you. All right, great. Um, okay, so I'm here we have seen, you know, we have various
one more question in case, in case you're okay with it from Tad, we'll just raise his hand.
Oh, raise his hand. Okay.
It's all we're all learning how to use these remote systems did get people's attention. Thanks for your presentation. I do remember David forests presentation a few years ago to for foresight. One of my question is atomic precision, whether it's the bottom up self assembly or top down with the STM tips that you mentioned, it's one thing to create a few structure with maybe a dozen atoms, or something on a surface. And it's quite another to figure out how to scale it up to some commercial size that will help with energy efficiency, or materials or climate, or whatever. I was wondering whether the part of any of the programs that you mentioned, whether there's some help or ideas to bridge that gap between you can get the precision but just with a few atoms, and then actually sort of scale it up in some way to be much, much larger sizes.
Yeah, well, I was I'm not quite finished with my talk. I just wanted to pause for questions. But one of the things I was going to talk about is what's happening with the, you know, STM based atomically precise manufacturing is that we've discovered some of the very interesting physics, such as the ultra doping leads to some very interesting phenomenon such as abrupt open profiles, which an abrupt open profile is very important for making the tunnel field effect transistor, which has been around for a while, but making it more of a practical idea for energy efficiency. And in fact, the tunnel field effect transistor is projected to be about 10 times more efficient, which is the kind of advances we need in order to get to these really ambitious goals in the next 10 years. And our Sandia project is had a conference, actually, I have a bunch of slides on that, and my extra slides last week, about kind of about how they're working with the chemistry community, the abs, area selected deposition community to figure out how they can use area selective deposition, you know, Guided Self assembly, is what we're calling it, because I'm told that directed simple assembly now means block copolymers. So, Guided Self assembly, you to scale up the atomically precise, you know, ultra poke type of devices. So that's an example where, and they've done some testing and it looks like they're they are going to be able to use a comp, ASD areas selective deposition, I keep thinking the A is for atomic, as as a way to manufacture these atomically precise vertical panel field effect transistors that you know, they had to experiment with the geometry. The fact that it's a vertical transistor means that it's less sensitive to the fact that area selectivity is precise in the in the vertical dimension, it's very useful for that. I just saw a whole bunch of questions come in. Should I try to answer them now? Let me just take
Matthew writer and I think, Tom, again, I think ultra low
k dielectric materials be of interest, especially materials were electronic properties can be modified and control the domain. Yeah, we actually talked about ultra low k dielectric materials, and how that was one of the ways that, you know, we get they dealt with the end of Moore's law for certain applications. And so I think that's definitely an area of interest. I believe this could be a fruitful extension of semiconductor. Focus. Okay, good. Good. Okay. We'll talk about that. Um, there's plenty of room in the middle combining top down with bottom up. Yes, that was a major result. At our workshop last week, that you know that what we need to do, I think what the comment was made that we want to do as much bottom up, let nature do the work on this Health Assembly as possible, because the top down aspect requires fighting entropy so much, you know, when you're trying to be atomically precise. Nature wants to be increase its entropy. Okay, Steve, better? Yes. bottom up? Oh, well, that's part of the reason that we renamed our semiconductor efforts ultra precision instead of atomic precision is precisely this that we didn't want. Like, because I think a really strict definition, by a really strict definition of atomically precise manufacturing, the only project in our portfolio that really meets that description is the the only project is the UCLA 3d time and doing cool SPM sharpening project. I think all of the other ones involve some type of self assembly. And that's, but what we're learning is that by doing it in the top down, control the way that we can learn about some interesting science that we can then use another technique to scale up. And I think that's what people miss, it's, it's really worth it to strive for the atomic precision. Even if ultimately, the atomic, you know, the top down atomically precise way of manufacturing isn't going to be scalable, unless you know, you're doing some really small scale application like quantum science. Okay. Well, that's it for now. Okay, great. Um, and just so you know, there's a lot more information on all of these projects besides what's on this slide, at the very end of my presentation, okay. Let's see here. So can you give me the next slide, please, Allison? Okay, I just want to, I just want to brag a little on our ATM portfolio for semiconductors. I put out this SBR saying, what we want is atomic precision, for energy efficiency. We didn't say anything about you know, high performance or heat or you know, what, you know, beyond Moore's Law, we didn't say anything, all we said was ultra precision, and energy efficiency. And it turns out that our current microelectronics portfolio that we got, underpins the AI Tripoli's international roadmap on devices and systems came out at about the same time as our PI meeting. And it turns out that our manufacturing technologies that were supporting underpin almost all of the most promising new device types. So it just somehow by aiming at energy efficiency, we ended up getting things that other people thought were promising for other reasons. So I thought that was a really interesting conclusion. Next slide, please. Okay, another thing we discovered when when aiming at atomic precision, is that not only manufacturing, but metrology could be greatly improved.
RPI on the UT Dallas project that I'm showing here at Reza Mohammadi just won the Azmi Charles Draper Award for his work on micro electromechanical systems and other instrumentation control. And when I first started managing this project Reza was his name was Mueller because he was the guy who solved the STM crashing project, which is the bane of STM researchers. And our recent workshop last week on ultra precise control, he led the metrology session with his spectacular results and increasing the signal to noise ratio for STM signals, as well as the first second and third derivative derivative of the signals and that's the image on the left. On the left, you can see a conventional imaging. And on the right, you can see soup, members imaging, and you can see especially when you get to the third derivative, I mean the first derivative, it goes signal first derivative, second derivative, third derivative, you see all sorts of details on the right that you just simply don't see on the left. Another thing that was enabled by his STM back control loop is really a crude mode new mode of lithography. Now he is able to in individual atoms and at the same time remove them from the hydrogen terminated silicon surface. And this part on the right goes, you can see an app where he removed an x. And on the, on the right of the image goes the little steps where each electron is removed. I think that's pretty spectacular. And just to brag a little more, he managed to crank out all sorts of peer reviewed papers in journals, and was awarded a total of four patents with two more pending for this technology. So I think this research is well on its way to having a commercial impact. Next slide, please. As I mentioned, the University of California Los Angeles project delayed because they lost their, their industrial partner to Canada. And then of course, they had LA County city and university lockdowns. Still, they've accreted and verified one diamond toy tool, that and that's that, that little construct there that can abstract an atom from an SPM tip. feared by UB like I think they will develop they're planning to develop to more such tools and do more work on modeling before their project ends in December. So stay tuned for I think they're going to try to get a Science or nature paper in this. And I think again, this comes closest to David's vision of a molecular machine. And one of the exciting things about this is this project will benefit greatly from 100 to 1000 times speed up the atomic force microscope and scanning tunneling microscope chips from the memes and other advances of UT Dallas. Another thing about this project is this took a whole lot of chemistry, experimentation and modeling. Oh is it physicists I confess, it's the one I have the least background in. PCI was at our semiconductor energy efficiency World Cup, and I'm quite sure they will use their chemistry break through it's in helping us understand how surface camera stream can get there. Other mechanical synthesis results will help them have insights into surface chemistry that will help with a scale up of semiconductor technologies. And other technology for an understanding of surface chemistry was identified as a need at slide. Speaking of chemistry, I guess shot my sister's molecular Lego project is going great guns. But he's now using the kilograms of spirit ligand our building blocks that he said the size for ammo in a deal D funded project.
So even though temple itself was locked down, and Philadelphia for much of last year, he was able to he had an exemption for his God funded project that he believes may ultimately help develop a very low cost COVID center and other pretty good god things. And DVD project which was I think, like $11 million or something. As part of that they bought him a bunch of robotic equipment for automation. And he was permitted by God to use the automated synthesis and purification at his company to accelerate work on the research. Oh, he's caught up by at least six months. Even though it was totally get stopped. With the robotic synthesis he can now synthesize and purify clubs Pura Liga Mirza de, which is two orders of magnitude faster than he was able to do in the past 20 years. Though he's mostly caught up and reports that he has made 160 highly functionalized girl ligand MERS using his two robotic synthesizers and is on his way to create selective polyester forming Mike macromolecular catalysts. And he's been synthesizing I don't know how to pronounce this fmsc protected around displaying building blocks. Explain. Finally, we get to the management project that my management has the hardest time understanding why it should be part of ammo. And I apologize for that formatting glitches and very tiny font. But I think that this is really exciting as a potential next generation manufacturing technology because it's a digital manufacturing Eastern quaternary logic Watson Crick base pairing instead of binary In order to link it to animals goals, I need help in getting quantitative data. And so if any of you have any suggestions on this, I think you guys got a talk from my DNA origami epi, William G. But I'm out or next month, okay, well, maybe, you know, so Okay, well, I guess Stay tuned. But I'm trying to figure out how an ammo effort in this area could support those six goals. For example, improving productivity, competitive energy efficiency. I think this could be, again, the US has an undisputed leader in biotech, all sorts of students and all sorts of biotech expert, people with that kind of education. And I can't, it's would be really neat to try to marry some of that expertise to help save energy and energy intensive manufacturing, especially as we're decarbonizing and transitioning to lower energy, electric based processes. Another mo goal is to reduce the life cycle energy and resource impacts. And so to me, the programmable DNA approach might be a way to achieve the sort of mass customization that we need to get energy efficiency benefits with products optimized to specific application. Next slide. Another goal is to really leverage domestic energy resources and materials. Maybe enabling rapid prototyping and recyclability design could help air conditioning vewy supported innovative technologies, very doable. I mean, Dino origami is already commercial, apparently, it's all all the software's online, you can just, you know, come up with a drawing and order it and the DNA origami arrives. So who knows what could happen if we had a programmable assembly cut up like that strengthening had advancing the workforce seems straightforward as that one of the most diverse and fastest growing stem groups, though, but sort of biochemically educated people would be great to bring into the manufacturing resource. And this technology can be used by those with just bachelor level training. And finally, our goal number six to accelerate emerging and transformative technologies to approach net zero greenhouse gas emissions and the industrial sector by 2050.
Again, I don't know where to begin, but there's got to be some I know people are talking about direct production of iron to make steel, electro politically, just thinking about what are ways that we could use electric control chemical control, as opposed to you know huge amounts of process energy. Next time. Finally, I'm talking I'm going to talk about the sixth project in the emerging research explorations on metal nanocarbon. Because that might turn out to be the project where ammo can really show its leadership on atomically precise manufacturing, even though that particular project was not designated as an APM project. And the reason is, I'm not sure you can see this but I have the word cable which stands for conductivity enhanced materials were a portable breakthrough, leapfrog electric and thermal application and that is a full meaning it literally stands for electricity, the the electricity transmission cable, that was the first application we thought of when we conceived of a big idea about conductivity enhanced materials. And this idea was inspired by amels previous research on mill enhanced with nanocarbon, which means metal, which contains small amounts of carbon nanotubes, single or few layer graphene doped and undoped or other carbon allotropes. But as the 20 member cable team that I organized around this attack more it became clear that we should also explore other categories of materials, such as metal enhanced without nanocarbon if there's true processing, or with rare earths or other compounds, the and these can be alloys or metal matrix composites. And finally, there's a really exciting category of non metal which can be enhanced with metal nanoparticles. And these can be a polymer with silver nanoparticles or nanocarbon. but not both. metal. And so we can see that this idea, you have an initiative and enhanced kind of company materials. And we felt like based on our experience with the nanocarbon research, we had several things we wanted to do in terms of verifying and validating. We felt needed to be done apples to apples comparisons made. But we just couldn't agree on whether this material was doing pretty to go and receive validation, or whether more research is needed. And after our cable workshop earlier this month, I think more research is needed. But we the research we do have is already yielding some fascinating results. We inspired a theorist at Argonne National Lab to do atomistic modeling of copper carbon allotropes. And can you guys see the animation playing? Is there a way you can get that animation to play? Oh, look at that, you can see that theorists are looking at 500 atoms and exploring and calculating the energies of all these different things. And if you click on the one below it, they're doing the same thing. They're doing the same thing for carbon nanotubes, just looking at all the configurations. And so what we kind of come full circle is here's something where it started off as sort of a metallurgy project, realizing it probably is going to take an understanding and possibly atomic control. It's probably there's some help assembly for me going on here with the carbon allotropes that is leading to this kind of company enhancement. And so ironically, you know, higher conductivity metal is definitely an ammo space. And so that's, that's sort of the end of my talk about future directions. For atomically precise manufacturing at ammo, and I guess I'd like to answer some more questions and engage in a dialogue.
Is cable, hang on? We're good to go. Just flashed on his cable what used to be called COVID.
Yeah, that was the convenience. Oh, there's William. kinetics is was the research program that I took over and had it reviewed. And that was what led to the idea for the cable initiative. I was the director of r&d at canon which may compose we should talk. Yes, I agree. He better. Okay, so now I'm going backwards German company commercializing DNA origami. So I'm Allison, is there a way that you that that you can record record all of these great chats I'm getting in URLs?
I'll certainly do. So yes, I'll send you the the entire chat.
Okay, that's great. Because I'm certainly not going to remember all of these URLs. I'm German company commercial. Yeah, that's great. That's my understanding is that these are commercial I, when I went up to Doc, William cheese office, he may remember that I I my camera and took pictures of the shipping carton that some of his pieces of stuff arrived from because it looks so totally commercial. But this is, you know, this is definitely a manufacturable thing. So even though the other people in ammo, thought DNA, origami is some like really far out futuristic thing. The pictures of the boxes, where you can order your stuff really made the point that this is this is here now. And it's just not something that ammo is used to.
And this is just a reminder to anyone who has questions or comments to do that by a hand raising or to say that in the chat directly. And I think you know, you also mentioned you had a few things that you wanted to get feedback on plus a few more slides to show in case I should bring any of it up.
Okay. Yeah, why don't we just quickly, there was another comment, comment about covalent technologies. It sounds like it is a stronger criteria. Now. Yes, I think it's fair to say that the previous administration didn't really care that much about co2 emissions directions. But it's now like the whole central purpose of QE. So it's definitely changed in terms of a metric. Yeah, why don't we just take a quick flash through some of the rest of my slides?
Yeah, I will just leave questions in case they come up. And then I may have Oh, there's another one from Matthew right. It just as we talked about it, and I'll be
Yeah, why don't you just Okay, so I'll just I'll just flash through some of the other, you know, highlights quickly. Okay, so kind of in reverse order. There's a couple of slides about the cable big idea how we're actually running it with the prize and Small Business Innovation Research. And the SBR is going to be announced may 17. So verify. The next slide 29 is information on the price $4.5 billion over three years. And the prices increase in size as we go up and stages. The three stages really only stage one is is sort of cast, so to speak, stage two and three, we can modify them, we're thinking somehow of making some requirements for including atomistic simulations and something like that. But our original idea was that people would send us their samples and we would have them tested at three different labs to make sure we were tested, you know that we were really checking the results and doing apples to apples comparison. I'm like 31 is a slide on Sandy as they call it big energy efficient transistor. And it's about the vertical tunnel field effect transistor made using atomically precise manufacturing there and they use molecular beam epitaxy and CBD vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition. And the ultra energy efficiency is from a study from the IRB s 2020 is where we got the 10x energy efficiency. Here's one of the sbrs we have from Cybex, 3d et and Sandia, about making bipolar junction transistors. Next is an open metrology project, which is also a good failure analysis tool and it was able to image simultaneously the open placement during fabrication, and it shows that fast phosphorus opens as well as boron opens, can both be imaged. Next slide. Okay, we also have an Alp project with RMD, Incorporated, and they have looked at some very interesting chemistries both for phase change memories and for spin transfer torque devices, memories based memories. Next slide, we have a project with carbon tech company called carbon tech. And they're doing atomic precision manufacturing of carbon nanotube pets. And they're getting some really great results on diameter. And they've been able to purify them to get 97% metallic carbon nanotubes, which is what a lot of people were demanding at the table workshop. And there's also their chart on why C and T FETs will transform RF applications. And finally, our seventh project is the slack project that's using synchrotron light source as well as a LED flash annealing. And it's working on a ferroelectric memory. And it's also using machine learning to figure out how to design and optimize the process. The next slide is a workshop that you all should be interested in called workshop on atomic precision last week, and then the three slides following or this is my son, these are my notes that we talked about sewing about the one of the great results is that Sandia has showed that the atomically precise parts of their teeth that are more stable than the middle parts, because people always worry about new processes, not being durable. He talked about fabrication, LD le ASD. And this was where I heard a lot of top down having a ton of entropy to conquer. And that self limited bottom up approaches are really the future but you still are always going to need some kind of guiding top down. And then characterization and how hard it is a lot of discussion of the great things you can do with synchrotron light sources. Another slide showing the people on the era, the themes and technologies. And finally, just one way of displaying my APM portfolio in terms of end unit complexity and array precision and it's three o'clock. So does that mean we turn off? We're done. Hello,
I'm still muted. Hi. Yes, well, in case I mean, I don't know how much time yet but At least as a question, I think for the Google will be useful is that, you know, given that there's lots of researchers in the group, you know, who were seeking to make their discoveries applicable. What do you think are really promising areas that you know, you'd like to draw more attention to? I know, you've mentioned a ton that you're already funding. But, you know, if you could just, you know, make a quick bucket list a few key points of areas that you know, where you think it would be really promising to push your progress. Now, that would be I think, super helpful. Well, I
think you know, this whole decarbonisation is make taking a processes that use fossil fuels depend on them, and making them into very, you know, low energy, electric powered or maybe chemical powered processes, is a generally really important area. I really, I love that, even though I'm not a biology person, I really love DNA origami, and I really hope that, you know, it gets more support as a manufacturing technology, because I think it would be fabulous for that. Um, I see here, Matthew, writer talked about molecular precision for carbon capture and low energy release. Yeah, that's interesting, because, um, you know, we have like, perf battles that deal we I know, it's hard to imagine, but it does happen. And Office of fossil energy is usually the office that talks about carbon capture. And it's interesting because their view of carbon capture is sort of an endo pipe view. And what we're trying to do is figure out ways to, you know, you know, not emit the carbon in the first place, or somehow capture it as part of a side process that you're going on at low energy release. Well, low energy, I'm not sure exactly. It's mad, it's mad still on.
Can you tell me when you had to balance but she was really like, very, very excited. I think for the presentation, I would love to follow up by email.
Oh, yeah, I would love people to follow up, I always get nervous when I present. So maybe I'm not as clever as I otherwise would be in my responses to the questions. Well, I
think people thought it was tremendously useful actually, like, um, would you could you point people to good locations, where if they want to find out more, more information, or if they just want to stay up to date is there for example, Isaac, you know, like he, they have a newsletter that always shares funding opportunities regularly, and so on and so forth. So is there like a specific,
that's a really good point, I didn't put my email address on my presentation. So I'll stick that into the chat. And I did have some URLs. On the slide. The APM portfolio is my first year at HMO I use the nanotechnology day you know, October 9, get it can dash nine. I used nanotechnology day as an excuse to highlight I get all my APM project P is to finish the fact sheets. So all of our there's like these two page fact sheets, and every single one of our APM projects. So you can learn more from those fact sheets. And their slide that I showed with the six projects on it, the URL is there. Or you can just search a demo, nanotechnology day. And you'll find our 2019 and 2020 nanotechnology day presentations. And the 2019 is on APM. And 2020 is on my other parts of my portfolio and also other parts of ammo that do nano we have nano crystalline metals research, for example. And we have nano cellulosic fiber research that is not in my portfolio that I did not describe, but some of that's also on our website. The cape Oh, I even typed My name wrong. It's Carson Berg. I'm sorry, I'm a bad typist.
I will I will follow up with you now make sure to get that slide.
He is right next to the V. So anyway,
that's lovely in other any future workshops, because you know, for that, usually what we did before the pandemic, and we moved everything into a more regular online container. We used to have twice a year technical competitions where people would get together to use APM to solve either health like challenges and help in medicine or in climate, particularly energy or carbon removal. And so used to run those, like similar workshops, I guess. And so I'm wondering, are there any particular workshops that, you know, you think could be of interest to people in this group or like particular Well,
well, the cable workshop we just did is all online and you can access all the presentations. There. I'll put the URL in there. So it's hope I type it right cable dash Big Idea I have to make URLs easy. So I can remember them. Their cable I checked it this time, if you go to there, you can find all about cable, the semiconductor workshop series is, is also has a website. But we, because we had people from a lot of companies, they didn't want us to put up their presentations, you know, because they you know it competitiveness and stuff. And so we just have sort of a summary of their semi conduct. And we are going to have a third workshop on energy efficiency for semiconductors. Probably in the fall. And you know, we've learned a lot about virtual workshops, and you can do things with virtual workshops that you you can't do it in person workshops, we had a lot of facilitated discussions, where people are inputting data, and they can do it anonymously. But people like sometimes are more free with their opinions than they might otherwise be.
We couldn't do this whole anti thing if it wasn't for virtual because we could never, you know, hope to have people like you would have here like an hour here, there. So thank you, we really, really appreciated.
Yeah, and another thing I learned is we had a very successful session where we did sort of a, we call it a user sports metaphor, we call that sort of our statistics person, and our color commentary. And so we had readouts from the sessions, where we had two people in one person kind of gave the boring dry statistics and the other person did the color commentary. And that proved to be a very fun, a very fun way to try to get our people engaged and interested. But yeah, we we've been doing virtual workshops. And we have, we've had like, you know, more than 300 people sign up and maybe 200 250 people show up and, and maybe like 150, show up at time, and maybe 20 are really interactive. So that's sort of based on a sample of three. That's that's my observation about the sort of dynamics of these virtual workshops.
Yeah. But you have a broader reach as well. So that's, I think that
Yeah, people that is one of the nice things about working for the government is that people tend to listen. But yeah, I'm happy to, you know, follow up. Yeah, send me the chat. And I'll check out some of the URLs. And if people want to email me at the correct, I can't believe I found my own email wrong. And the correct email address. That would be wonderful. I mean, that was my whole goal in coming here and talking to you all was to start a conversation. And I love people's one of the things I'm curious about is this idea that cable is really could potentially be an atomically precise, turn into an atomically precise thing. That's actually a relatively new thought I had just in the last couple of weeks. So I don't know if it's, like totally crazy or not. But I mean, the thought of atomic precision being relevant to something like metallurgy, you know, it seems, you know, to be something I know, David talked a lot about defects and all of that and strength. So maybe that's important after all.
Yeah, yeah, we'll be putting through an exploiter meeting. And then well, thank you so much for your time, we really appreciate it, I will definitely be in touch. I think you know that you, I think you initiated a lot of forethought in this group. And we'll definitely try to pick up pick apart the pieces, I am sharing another reminder to apply or nominate someone for our fireman prize and William she who will be presenting and was doing DNA origami actually was awarded their prize recently. So check right into this. So please, and nominate someone for that prize, or apply yourself and we'll give it out later this year. And with that, without further ado, I just want to really thank you might need me potentially in contact later to follow up with what we get from the group in terms of feedback. And and yeah, thank you very much time, I'll be opening breakout rooms for those of you who should you know, want to debrief and decompress and discuss. So in a second, you'll be you'll see breakout groups opening this is a very informal part. You know, feel free to introduce yourself say you know, what your what your focus areas, and then perhaps you know, what, what do you took away from this talk, just to kind of end it on a on a nice note for people to get to know others in the group. So thank you, Tina from from all of us. It was really, really fantastic. Thanks for joining very much.
