Welcome to Monmouth monthly, a peek into the heart of the Willamette Valley. Each month we will bring you updates of the things happening in and around town, brought to you by the people who helped make it happen. I am your host, Sabra Jewell.
And welcome back to season three of Monmouth monthly. I am excited to welcome you back for the third season, and I am excited even more so to welcome Wade, Carey, who is the director of Monmouth Power and Light, to join us today on the podcast. Welcome Wade.
Thank you, Sabra, thanks for having me on the show. And we've been trying to
get Wade on here for the last 18 months. He has been with us. He came to us from I
came from the Oregon coast. I worked for central Lincoln people's utility district over there.
Yeah, 18 months ago, and now you've been here and commuting ever since, all the way back to the coast every day. That's got to be a joyful experience to commute every day like that. Do you have a lot of time to get in and with your thoughts be
between the dodging of log trucks and semis headed to the coast to do business, it's usually a pretty eventful drive.
And what do you listen to on your drive outside of Monmouth monthly? What do you enjoy listening to? Metal? Metal? Yes, a death metal, math metal. What's your metal? I mean, metal has many genres. What's your favorite metal, old school metal, new metal, new metal, Nu metal right, correct. Okay, classic metal and new metal. What are some new metal bands for? I don't know if everyone in my Monmouth monthly audience is familiar with new metal. Can you give us some examples?
Yeah, slipknot, Limp Biscuit, those are couple.
Okay, pretty hardcore. So it's good to know community that your Power and Light director is hardcore. I think that that's an important trait in your Power and Light director. Tell us before you got into the power utilities. What was your path? Pathway to this career? How did you get here?
Oh, gosh, I got here sort of by accident. I always enjoyed jobs where I was hands on, whether it was repairing things, building things, and so when I decided to go back to school, engineering seemed like the best path for me. But during that first couple years of school, it dawned on me. I was living in Eugene at the time. I was working a graveyard job at a at a computer factory. It dawned on me that there were no University of Oregon does not offer a engineering program, and so I figured I would have to transfer to Corvallis. That would have been difficult with the job that I had that allowed me to go to school during the day. So I saw that the community college there in town offered a program for a degree in energy management, which seems strange enough. And so I looked into it, and I actually thought it would be a good path to get me into facility management, like large buildings in downtown Portland or or theme parks, or large factories, even casinos in, you know, Vegas, Reno, those kinds of things, because I I like how buildings work. I like the the HVAC aspect of it, the climate control, the lighting, all those kinds of things. And seemed like a good path to get there. And then once I graduated, the first job that came open was at a utility doing energy efficiency work for residential customers. And you keep on
mentioning PUDs, public utilities. Tell me more about like, what is a PUD? Well,
in Oregon, it actually PUD stands for people's utility district. And in Washington, PUD is Public Utility District, so there's a little naming fund. There are they the same thing? Essentially? Yes, they are. I mean, they're, they're considered a customer owned utility, similar to Monmouth, which is technically a municipality, because we fall under the city. And then there's also Electric Co Ops, and they're water co ops as well. But they all function the same way they they're governed by an elected group of officials. In our case here, it's the City Council in a PUD they would be an elected board, same with co ops. And really what separates co use from the investor owned utilities such as PGE and Pacific Power, on the electric side, is we're we operate, not for profit, is where you know Pacific Power, PGE, they're trying to operate a utility sell electricity while also earning a profit for their shareholders and with the consumer and utilities. That's not the case. We only, we're completely rate funded. We collect all of our funds through through the sale of electricity, and all of those the what we collect is intended to cover our operational costs, which includes purchasing the power from our power supplier, which is Bonneville Power Administration, as well as cover things like labor material. Materials, things like that. Okay,
and you mentioned the City Council as kind of your governing body, but they look to you to be the expert in the room, right? I mean, that's typically how it goes. You advise the Council on the moves that they should be making. Is that, is that the process that's
sort of how it goes. I mean, it's my job to keep them informed of of industry trends, of any issues there may be with power supply or transmission, those kinds of things, but the council also has access to a lot of materials that that regional trade groups put out, like the public power Council and Northwest requirements utilities, I've actually found that our council is pretty informed and pretty knowledgeable that, you know, they don't have the in depth knowledge that I have, and so it's really a partnership with me and the council to come up with policies. And really the council where their control starts and stops is they have control over setting rates for what, you know, what we charge for power and all of our different associated fees, they can set policy and things like that, but the day to day operation is where, where I take over, so it's a really good synergy. And this goes the same for peds and Co Ops, the fact that there's electric elected officials who are in charge of of looking out for the customer, and then the utility side on, you know, the people who run the utility are on the other side, making sure that that everything works. So it's just a great way to to ensure that our customers are looked after.
And just for our listeners who are outside of our area, who may not know Monmouth Power and Light. I mean, we're really lucky in Monmouth. We have a Power and Light Company. Most people around us are on Pacific power. And so we get, we get the benefit of having, you know, a local group, local linemen. Typically, our linemen live, live in town. They're familiar with the community. And it's just, how long is Monmouth Power and Light been around? You know,
you know, I don't have an exact year I had it at one time when I got here, but I believe it's been around since the 40s or 50s. I could be wrong there, but there may have been a time where they were actually founded as a utility, but it could have been a number of years after that that they actually started delivering power to customers. So,
and I'm curious, do you typically find these municipal power companies and these these co ops and more rural communities, is that kind of a trademark of a rural community?
Well, you know, I saw something just this morning. I was reading that that CEO use only serve about 30% of the population the municipalities, of which there's 11 Oregon electric municipalities, the PUDs and the co ops. We only serve about 30% of the population, but we have about 70% of the geographical area. And so CEO use came about because the larger utilities is we were electrifying the nation. The companies that wanted to get in business to sell power as a business model, they focused on the heavily populated areas, and that left the rural areas to figure out how to get power out to those communities. And really that's how consumer owned utilities came about, is there was a need to serve rural portions of the state. You know, the municipalities, eWeb is a municipality. They serve the Eugene area, Springfield, McMinnville, you know, some of those are some decent sized communities that actually have some municipals, but, but by and large, the municipals are in the smaller towns like us, Milton, free water Forest Grove, Bandon has one as well. So, and
we talked about some benefits of of using, you know, municipal power, the these public power like, tell us some other benefits? What are some other benefits that the community of Monmouth has just because you guys exist.
Well, it's simple. It just comes down to local control. And so that is the number one thing that our customers get, is local control. They get to pick who represents them. So they have a voice in the policies that get set. They have a voice in the rates that get set. The other benefit of a CEO you is the fact that we get preference power rights from Bonneville Power Administration. So it's funny, because I've heard throughout my my career, people say, Oh, the Bonneville dams. You know they because there's a dam called Bonneville. They associate Bonneville Power Administration with the dams. BPA is we refer to it does not own a dam. It doesn't do any of those. The dams are all owned by the federal government, the Army Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of Reclamation, I believe BPA is just referred to as a federal power marketing agency. So they're responsible for selling the power that comes out of all of. The federally owned and operated dams in the Columbia River system, and then they have some contracts to buy power from the one nuclear plant in Washington and some wind farms up in Washington and down the Oregon gorge. But just the local control and the preference power from Bonneville are the two main benefits we so we get the low cost power that Bonneville provides, and then we have the local control to make sure the customers are are cared for.
And so tell me about your team. How many folks do you have working at MAMA Power and Light? How many linemen, like who's out there doing the work? Well,
we're a small shop. We have 10 total employees, including myself. We have one line crew consists of four linemen, and we have a serviceman, which is another lineman. Big difference between servicemen and the crew is servicemen tends to work by himself, doing a lot of things like locates. If someone's going to do any digging and calls for locates, he'll go out and do that. Does a lot of jobs that really only require one person. Is where the crew they're the ones you out, see out, changing out poles or stringing new conductor, things like that, are dealing
with major outages, or is that kind of an all hands on deck situation? Whenever we do have outages here in Monmouth,
it depends on the nature of the outage. Sometimes, you know, an outage that may affect 10 or 15 people can be handled with just a couple folks, and sometimes we require, you know, as many people as we can get there, we do have the ability to bring in help from other utilities if we have a really large outage event where it's too big for just us to handle internally and so, but that's pretty common among utilities, to have mutual aid agreements with with other utilities,
and we see that in action all the time during ice storms and hurricanes and other other mass disasters of natural occurrences, everybody jumps in and seems to help each other. So that's always a pretty impressive group of folks that are always looking out for each other having each other's backs. What are some of the the biggest issues that you see facing power companies, either the bigger the big dogs are these local municipalities. What are some of the things that we need to be looking for in the future? Not necessarily red flags, but but trends that you're seeing that you're kind of erasing your hackles a little bit. And then what can people do? What are some action items people can do to help limit the impact of those things? Because we got to give people a way to to help themselves, right,
right? Well, you know, most recently, the thing that that really impacted utilities was when COVID hit and we saw the material shortages. We saw pricing for everyday utility items, triple, quadruple. Sometimes they went up five or six times the original price. And then on top of that, there were lead times where it used to take, you know, take three to four weeks to get something. It turned into 18 months. And so utilities all across the country were faced with with shortages for some of the stuff that they needed to actually work on the system and maintain it and keep it up to date. Labor shortages is always a problem. You know, Lyman is a very specific trade, and there's not nearly enough of them. Most utilities are. You know, if they have someone leave that it takes them months to fill those open positions. So there's a national shortage and of Lyman and so if anyone out there is considering a job in a trade, the Lyman craft is a it's a great craft for people to get into if they like working outdoors, like working with their hands. It's got a really prideful history, and they take a lot of pride in what they do, and it's one of the better paying trades out there. And so, yeah, if anyone's out there looking for a trade to get into, lineman is a great one. It can be a little difficult sometimes to get into you have to find a utility that has an apprenticeship program, has an opening, opening to bring someone on, to put them in the apprenticeship, which Monmouth Power and Light does, yeah, it's, it's a great career, if anybody's going that way. It's not the only utility career. You know, my career started in energy efficiency, and so it's been, it's been a great career. I've spent over 22 years helping customers, you know, understand how they use power, ways to save power, and those kinds of things. So, and then, of course, there's always kinds of engineering jobs in the utility industry and stuff like that. So, but, and so then after, after labor, I'd probably say, you know, power supply here in the Pacific Northwest, for decades, we've really had a benefit of an excess of power over what we over what the Bonneville footprint needed, which is Oregon, Washington, Western Montana, parts of Idaho and a couple parts of Nevada, and then
every. Betty's population exploded in 2020 right? That is that a factor,
well, population and electrification and cars, the
vehicles and all the other things, right? Yeah. And
so, you know, for decades, Bonneville had excess power that they could sell during the summertime to make a lot of money. They'd sell it to the southwest portion of the country. And they made so much money doing that, that that come winter time, when they may need to buy some extra power, because we're a winter peaking region for power supply and but that's now flipped. I mean, we are summer loads have increased with so many people switching to heat pumps, we're consuming more of that summertime power here. Our population centers have grown quite a bit. Summers have been a little bit warmer lately, yeah. And so some of that excess power is gone, and now that bonavi used to make and sell a good bit of money off to offset their winter purchases, well, that's now flipped. Now we're we're actually bringing in more power than they're exporting. That's going to have an immediate impact on rates. And so anytime you go out on the open market to buy power, it costs more than what we traditionally get from Bonneville and and we don't buy power ourselves on the open market. Bonneville can do that for us if we need it, and they do that for most of their customers. But I think that's what people need to realize, is for so long now, the Northwest has been experiencing extremely low rates, and we're going to start to see rates continue to creep up, hopefully not as much as we've seen on the IOU, you know, PGE and Pacific Power have had some some really large rate increases, but you're going to start to see the CEO use being impacted as well. And that's an
important point, Bill. I mean, no one's trying to hide the this information. I think Wade, you've been every council presentation you've given, you've been very clear about some of these things that, but not that you're concerned about, but you're seeing coming down the line. And it is important that folks hear this, and that's how you can be proactive. Understand rates are probably going to increase over the next several years, and those are some of the things that you might need to prepare for in your home, just in your budgets, and understand that that's a cost that's going to probably continue to rise. And we are very lucky here with the rates that we do have anyway. I mean, the fact that we have the team that we have. We're pretty lucky overall, I would say, right, compared to some other regions. Oh,
yeah. I mean, just looking at the Monmouth independence area, you know, we're for a residential customer. We're at, you know, 8.81 cents a kilowatt hour. You know, Pacific Power customers just next door here in Independence, you know they're they're paying north of 12 cents a kilowatt hour, so we're already less. But then you look at other parts of the country and and we're really blessed here in the Northwest to have the the federal hydro system, with all the dams, with BPA doing well with managing their own internal costs, that keeps our rates lower here than other parts of the country. But as we continue to see a greater demand for electricity, you know, as people switch from from gas powered to electric vehicles, as people switch from natural gas furnaces to heat pumps, things like that, you're just going to see the system stressed more and more with a greater need for power to be delivered. There's been a lot of talk about fish habitats and the removal of the four lower river snake dams, or Snake River dams, and the big concern among utilities for that is what takes the place of the power that those jams those dams generate. And so if we were to build generation to replace that, before removing those, you're talking about a really large price to build new generation, which then has to be factored in the price of the power. So you know, there's no easy answers here. Our customers already pay about half of what we buy power from Bonneville for already goes for fish habitat and fish restoration. So adding more things on top of that is just going to have an immediate impact on rates,
and it just seems like your business is in a push and pull with a lot of these environmental factors, right? That's an environmental decision on the dam, the move to electric has a lot of environmental so it seems like there's a push and pull between doing a lot of long term things for the environment. But how it's impacting us now is that what you feel like there are a lot of conversations in your affinity groups and your your the groups where a bunch of power directors are getting together and talking, is that what you're trying to figure out right now is how to meet in the middle with demands versus what you're able to provide?
Yeah, there's a lot of those discussions going on. There's, you know, what people need to understand is there's going to be a cause and effect for every decision made. Or one of the biggest obstacles we have right now is building new transmission. So it's easy to say, well, we can remove a dam and we can go to some rule. Location where there's nothing living there, and we can build, you know, 50,000 acres of solar panels, which, yes, you can, but those open locations are typically in places where there's no current transmission lines, and it's taking 10 plus years to get transmission built, the the number of obstacles you have to do to, you know, to stand up those steel structures, or even the smaller wood structures, takes so long that, you know, everybody wants it now. Everybody wants this now. But none of this is going to happen that fast. And people just need to have an understanding that this is to get from where we're at to where, where some folks want to go. On the environmental side, it's going to take time, because if we rush it and it's not done right, then you're talking about massive power quality issues here in the Northwest, and we don't look, then we wouldn't look that much different from, you know, San Francisco, where they tend to get brownouts and things like that, because there's just not enough power to meet the demand.
Yeah, that's important. Okay, so that's that's one way so people can have the expectation of kind of the work that you're doing, and this the push and pull there. But what are some other opportunities? I know Monmouth Power and Light offers rebate opportunities. Do you have anything that's going to be going on through January? I know you recently had some rebates, or any of those still going to be active by the time our listening audience hears this.
Yeah, our programs are ongoing as long as we have funding which we're not in danger of running out of our funding right now, which the funding actually comes from Bonneville, believe it or not. They collect it in what we pay for, the power that we purchase, and then they give it back to us to run programs for qualified energy saving measures, whether it be heat pumps, insulation, new windows and doors, heat pump, water heaters, smart thermostats, new
windows and doors makes such a difference. I live in a house now that has really great windows. Not only do I not hear anything going outside, I just there's such a difference in the internal temperature of the home.
Well, it's funny, because everyone wants windows, because Windows, they look nice. They, you know, you don't have the condensation problem over single pane wood or, you know, anything with an aluminum frame, they, they tend to provide a quieter home. But in the world of energy saving measures, it's probably around six or seven in what you can do to your home to save energy. So a lot of people want them, but mostly it's because of the extra benefits that they bring. So
what's the one and two things? What should people be really trying to get in for those energy saving measures?
Insulation, insulation, yep, upgrading your insulation to current levels is your always your biggest bang for the buck. It saves the most money and it costs the least. It's not inexpensive, but it's it's less expensive than changing out all your windows and doors after that. It's your heating system upgrade, going to an air source, heat pump, ductless heat pump for our climate here in the mid Willamette Valley, is the best economical option to heat and cool your home using electricity. You know, they're not cheap to do, but we do have the rebates for them. And when you consider in an all electric home, the number one expense you're going to have on a yearly basis, for the average home, is going to be space heating and cooling. And so insulation has a direct impact on how much warm or cool air you have to create to keep your home a temperature the putting a heat pump in has the biggest impact on how much energy it takes to create that warm or cool air. So those are your two biggest bangs for the buck. After that. It's, it's water heating. So going to a heat pump or a hybrid water heater if, if your home sets up well for them, they're not always suited for every home, but you know that's, that's the next one, because between space heating and hot water, that's usually about 60 to 65% of the average energy costs for a home.
So what are some habits people can do if they if they're not ready to look into the rebates, what are some day to day things that people can really be conscious of to to self regulate the power usage and keep their bills down? Well,
one, you can always turn your thermostat down, so just a few degrees on your thermostat will save and then making sure your home isn't drafty, you know, if you a little, you know, a couple cans of spray foam to filling cracks around plumbing, penetrations under the cabinets, weather stripping under your doors and around your doors and windows. You know, trying to seal up the air leaks is, is another really low cost, easy to do, thing that can have a big impact on energy use, as well as as well as comfort. A drafty home will feel uncomfortable, and if you're uncomfortable, you're you're going to most people will raise that thermostat up a little bit so. But those are, those are a couple things that people can use, of course, using LED bulbs, but that's pretty. Much everybody's already gone to those lower than the thermostat, lowering the thermos the temperature of your hot water down to 120 degrees, a lot of times they come from the factory set at 140 lowering it down to 120 will save on how much energy it takes to heat that water. And most people don't use 140 degree water. Anyways, it causes injury, yeah. So turning that down at your water heater can be helpful all the stuff that we heard as kids, you know, wash your clothes and cold or warm and those kinds of things, but, but really, it's about the temperature you want to keep your home and keeping your home sealed up tight, okay,
well, that's helpful hence, and we, you know, let's talk generally about, you know, power outages and whenever we're going to those restoration efforts. In general, we recently have had some situations where power was out for a short period of time and not getting too spit specific about about each individual instance, I remember you, you talking about how important it is for folks when they do have an outage to maybe consider turning off the breaker to the hot water heater, and I believe you also said the HVAC unit, and those will help limit any disruptions when the power kicks back on, right? That's kind of some of your tips for successful restoration. Yeah,
you know, well, let's talk a little bit about our restoration efforts. So whenever there's an outage, and you can have an outage on the electrical distribution system. For, you know, a tree limb can fall into a line, a squirrel can climb up on a transformer, a car can take down a pole. Wind, ice, you know, all kinds of weather factors can can result. And then sometimes you just have equipment fail. The distribution system is a is a complex, you know, series of wires and fuses and switches and transformers and and sometimes those pieces equipment just they reach into their life and they fail. And so by starting at the center of the wheel and working your way out, you ensure that each repair gets the most people on at a time. There's also situations where a neighborhood may be without power because of something, but then also another issue could be affecting a single home within that neighborhood, or a couple homes within that neighborhood, depending on what this specific outage and what the cause was. So a repair gets done, the neighborhood gets brought up, but then there's still that one or two homes that are off because of another issue. And so we'll get a lot of times, people calling and saying, Hey, my neighbors are back on why am I not? And so keep in mind that in some instances, if it's a large event, we may not choose to address that one or two homes in that neighborhood that now has power. And we may know, we may go across town to another large area where we're going to get another 30 or 40 homes on and then come back to do the ones and twos. So if customers can keep in mind that that the power restoration goes in a very specific manner so that we ensure that repairs don't get missed, that we're getting the largest number of people on first, and the further out from the substation you get, the longer it's more than likely going to take you. Also if, if the entire neighborhood is on and you're still out checking your breakers in your house to make sure that they didn't pop during the outage. You know, resetting them on. Sometimes with the new breakers, they look like they've been reset, but they haven't, so you have to turn them all the way off and go all the way on. One thing that is helpful to the system, that the distribution system, is, in the event of an outage, going to your breaker panel and throwing the breakers for your heating system, your hot water heater, anything large like that, that may come on when power is turned back on, is helpful to the system, because if we have, say, 100 homes or businesses that have been off for four or five hours, and it's in the middle of Winter and now all of those structures have cooled down. Well, when we restore power, all those heating systems are all going to come on at once. Sometimes that massive load put on the system can cause fuses or breakers to trip elsewhere in the system. And then, you know, we get people turned back on, and then, boom, everybody's back off because we blew the the breaker in the substation. So one thing that's helpful is, in the event of analysis, just throw off your big breakers. And, you know, leave ones on for lights. So when power comes back on, you know that it's back on. But and then wait a little bit before you turn your heaters back on. Your water heaters, those are the two biggest users in a home, typically,
and just know folks that we're always trying to get you information as soon as we can. That's accurate, right? We never want to give you anything unless we are looking through the problem. And just also know that that information coming through the night is coming directly from Wade to myself, so when those updates are coming, it's human beings that are working very. Hard to get you back. Our Monmouth Power and Light customers are accustomed to having power pretty much all the time, and so there's instances when they don't we understand, there's frustration, but just know, I just we are so lucky to have this team that is quickly can get to a situation. They're not having to drive hours to get here. They're an incredibly strong team together, and so we appreciate all you guys do, because I know when there are allergens, it's typically when it's cold and we've got somebody up on a pole and it's 22 degrees outside. So a lot of thanks to your team for all that they do. Is there anything else you'd like folks to know about power restoration efforts or the things that they can do to mitigate that? No,
I would just, you know, I would like customers to one know that they can go to Facebook, that'll be a great place. And an outage for information, if it's a large outage, you know, I'm going to get some information out to you Sabra that you can post. You know, a lot of times people want to know specifically, why the outage, how long is it going to take and and sometimes we know that, sometimes we don't you you know, depending on the cause, it may take us three or four hours to determine what it was telling people when power is going to be back on is kind of a touchy because if we say it's going to be two hours, and it doesn't happen in two hours, and people are mad. We also hear from customers, you know, during outages, that they have medical equipment. They've got somebody on an oxygen machine or a CPAP or something, you know, other health and safety equipment in their home. And so they always want to be restored quicker. And unfortunately, that's not how that works. So you know, for the listeners who are hearing this, if you know someone or you have medical equipment that needs power, have some sort of backup, whether that's a, you know, a generator, or gas powered generator or something, or now you can even buy battery packs that you can plug a oxygen machine into for a, you know, hours that will be instantaneous when the power goes out. So, you know, we will always try to get people who have emergencies back on but, but it typically almost never works that way. So anytime I hear people talk about the special need for power because of a medical emergency, I always recommend they get some backup power source.
And so you mentioned the rebates Wade. The best place for people to go to get that information is your website, right? Because you've got all that stuff on how they can connect with all of those rebates.
That is correct. Yeah. If you go to the city's website and go to the Power and Light department, there's a link there for energy efficiency, and you can read all about all of our programs are.
And surely you have team members that are happy to go through that. I know you have a couple of folks in the admin side who would be happy to walk folks through that if they had questions. Yeah,
absolutely. If they call our the Monmouth Power and Light number, they'll get somebody who can help them, you know, explain how the program works, or what the advantages of the technologies are, and those kinds of things. So I
want to thank so much my guest today, Wade Carey, for joining us today to talk a little bit about Monmouth Power and Light. And I again, invite folks who want to learn more about the municipal power, about Monmouth Power and Light. Please look at the website. Please reach out. Wade does a great job of communicating with our council at council meetings. So be on the lookout if you're into that sort of coming to council meetings. Check out the agendas to see when he's going to be presenting, because we always learn a little bit of something that's happening out there. Wade states incredibly connected with other folks in the industry, so we know we are being led down the right path. So thanks again to wade for all that he and his team are doing well. Welcome to January, Monmouth. It is quite the cold and foggy time of year, but I want to let you know about a couple of things that are happening around in town in January. I want to invite everybody to our eoA open house. And eoA is economic opportunity analysis. This is one of our second open houses for our eoA. So we would love to invite you to that on January 14. It's going to be at 5:30pm at Monmouth City Hall. Refreshments will be available. We're going to be reviewing Monmouth's economic data trends, discussing challenges and opportunities facing Monmouth, and we'd love to hear your feedback on the draft plan that's going to have the strategies of all these things that we are facing in the years ahead. I want to invite everybody to come out to Smith Fine Arts on january 18 to see Emily branch. We are city of Monmouth is a proud sponsor of Smith Fine Arts, and we love to celebrate and support local arts in our community. So please come on out to Smith Fine Arts. Curtain. Time is 7pm you can buy your tickets in advance, or, as I always say, you can gamble and buy them at the box office. Plenty of parking in and around campus. Please come out and appreciate and support your arts in the meantime, Monmouth, we hope you will continue to rate review, subscribe and tell a friend all about Monmouth monthly. Thank you for getting us into season three, and we can't wait to speak to you next time.
Thank you for joining us for. Monmouth monthly. My name is Sabra Jewell. Our music is catching up by chill study and we recorded indie comments, which is a co working community, Independence organ. Please find us wherever you find podcasts, rate review, tell the friend, and we will see you next month. You
