still don't have the amendment today. So unfulfilled, you're right. So you know, what difference did suffrage make? I think that's that's a great question. What difference did sufferers really make? First of all, democracy begins with the right to vote. But it doesn't end there. There are still political rights that need to continue to grow and to evolve. Now, the 19th Amendment definitely signaled the largest single enfranchisement of half the population that had been considered second class citizens. That's great. But that's where men really saw this, okay, women's got the rights to vote, it's all over with. And women are thinking we have the right to vote now we can begin. So there's two different mentalities within the nation itself on where the right to vote is really going to take people. So it's the beginning, it's not the conclusion. And the suffrage organizations, once the amendments pass, or once it's ratified, they really start reforming themselves into the birth control, movement, reproductive freedom, all of these other types of rights, that they're seeking divorce marriage, so forth. I think it's interesting because the anti suffrage people, you know, right after women are granted the right to vote, and that first presidential election in 1924 passes, they're thinking women should vote in the same vein that men vote in terms of numbers, you have the right to vote, so therefore you need to get out and vote. And I think that's a great idea. And that's where all women's suffrage people wanted it to move to. But not all women in America were suffrage workers were on the ground, knew what that meant. There are many hundreds of 1000s of women who had no idea what the vote meant to them, and who had never been involved politically before in their lives. So there is this political inexperience within a lot of women out there. And they really had to learn what that meant for them individually. So women did not turn out in the numbers that everyone thought they were. And so therefore, a lot of people thought it was a failure. Why do we give them the right to vote if they don't turn out to vote? I think that's an interesting argument when not all men vote, but you still allow men to vote for it. They still have that right. And nobody questions it. So for some women, it came very slowly. I also think the suffrage movement, intertwined women in such a way that they formed the sisterhood. Good look at Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony. They were friends for decades until they die. And the women of the second generation also knew each other, and they may not have been as close as that first generation. But once suffrage was achieved, it almost divided them. Because now, once they voted, they're voting on party on summer voting democratic, some are voting Republican, some are liberal, some are conservative. And then there's the whole race and socio economic lines. Now they're being divided. So what the suffrage movement had done to bring these women together, the right to vote, almost in a very big sense, pull them apart, because now they have political rights where they can start pursuing other things. One of the things I want to mention that I don't think it's talked about a lot, it really ties to today's political climate, is the ways in which African American women were treated during the suffrage movement. Initially, in the 19th century, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone, Susan B. Anthony, probably the three of the the big movers and shakers of the 19th century, they were all tied with the abolitionist anti slavery folks. Basically, that meant the Republican Party. And once the Civil War is over, and we're in reconstruction, Congress, which is run by the Radical Republicans at the time party of Lincoln, they come up with the 14th Amendment, which says anybody born in the United States is a citizen. That didn't happen till after the Civil War. It also defined citizen in there in the 14th amendment. It defines what a citizen is. And so the women, in their mind think, well, that means we're a citizen of the United States. We, therefore should be granted equal rights to men. Well, here comes the 15th Amendment and the 15th Amendment is allowing African American men the right to vote. And that's where the suffrage movement and the abolitionist movement diverge, right? They start to pull apart, they come together for so long, and then all of a sudden they break apart. Because there are some women who say, yes, we agree with you. It's not our time. We'll wait. We'll allow African American men the right to vote first. And there's other women that says no, the 14th Amendment says I'm a citizen, I have the right to vote. It needs to be universal. And so this is where we first see the women's suffrage movement. Take a road all by itself. Nobody really tends to think about the black woman She's doubled, disenfranchised, based on race and gender. Now, Elizabeth Cady Stanton is a woman of means. She grew up in a wealthy family. She has a great education, her husband's a politician and lawyer, she's had that political education. She is a great speaker. But she said some things in the 19th century that can be seen as nativist and racist. She didn't like immigrants, she did not think that immigrant men who are typically ignorant and drunk should have the right to vote over her. And she also did not believe that black woman necessarily needed the right to vote as well with black men. So she did make some disparaging remarks and statements, she had a strategy that if she could push suffrage, and get it through for her to see the right to vote, that she wanted to have an educational qualification or requirement that says you need to be educated. Well, that is going to eliminate a lot of women from that qualification. So you're going to see race and socioeconomic status come into play there. And then there's this southern strategy that I mentioned, where women and men did not want to enfranchise women at all for fear of having the black woman vote. And then in the 1913 parade, Alice Hall, the radical suffragette, who organized this parade. She was so determined on a federal amendment that she did not want black women marching in the parade. And you have to love Ida wells Barnett, who was an African American from Chicago, she had been writing about lynching. She was a member of the NAACP, very radical from an African American suffragettes perspective. And she goes to the parade in Washington, DC. And LSL says, We you guys can't march and she says, I am marching. And so the Illinois delegation is marching down Pennsylvania Avenue, and Ida is in the crowd off to the side. And all of a sudden, she just marches through those people and comes right out in the street and stands right in the middle of two of her allies in the Chicago delegation and she marches in the parade. I mean, they were so afraid of the racial backlash, especially in Washington, DC it was so tumultuous at that time, that they just were going to eliminate African Americans altogether. But she wanted her voice and her actions to be seen and heard and she, she got right in.