You know, the way I like to describe the the SAS a bit of an evolution, myself and a number of others, we were there when all of these started, there were very dark days and and we were focused on, on trying to fix the problem that it was immediately in front of us. I was actually training as a respiratory physician at the time. So I got involved in all of these as a result of Pneumocystis pneumonia, which was a huge killer back in the 80s. Yeah, since I was alone, the lowest member of the ranking hierarchy, I was sent to the emergency to look after people and it was just pneumonia, in and out and in and out. And then it became almost a full time job. We did go work in at the time, and we transformed Pneumocystis pneumonia from a rapidly lethal sort of condition. That, in fact, many people don't remember, but it was regarded by colleagues down south, particularly in the States as no worthy of admission to the ICU or one given point. Because of the universal sort of lethal prognosis in those severe cases, we managed to change all of that and turn it around, show that it could be truly could be prevented. And you know that that was the real breakthrough, the very first breakthrough for us. However, it didn't mean much because people would address and it was just this morning, with a new strategy that we came up with the time doesn't matter. But people will go on to die, often very painfully miserable condition, because of more pneumocystis, pneumonia and other complications, etc, etc. And that was basically the motivation for me another is to say, look, we have to do something different here now. And although my training was in response to a medicine, I basically decided to repro for my career in trying to develop what at the time was emerging field of antiretroviral therapy. While the early trials were challenging AACT everybody remembers the controversies, etc, I was blessed to have an opportunity to study the particular effects of ICT in our patients, working closely with my Wainberg, John Ruggie, and a number of others. And although we recognize that the benefits associated with the use of ICT were transient and resistance to the drug, developed quickly, we were able to hypothesize that by combining anti retrovirals, we could get a greater efficacy. And that I must give total credit to my colleagues in the DB field, including my father, who taught me how to fight drug resistance into a colossus, which is basically what I decided to apply to HIV, right. And in the mid 80s, the notion was that resistance was unsurmountable. And we said, look, let's give it a try. And they use it sort of a TV approach. And that's when I went around the world trying to shut up shop for second and third drugs to to build those combination therapy protocols. Initially do drugs prove to be better than one but not good enough. And to my surprise, and my wife was surprised to be honest with you, by 1995, our clinical trial of ucjc ttdi. And developing the case trial showed that we could suppress the replication of the virus and do so in a sustainable fashion. I often like to tell the anecdote when we're Mark Wainberg corneocyte are immediate and montrail. He was doing the virology for the trial that I was leading the AC TDI in a very open trial. And he said Julio Brahm, and I said, What is the problem? And say, Well, I can't No grow the virus in your patients, you guys are messing up with a sample, there must be something wrong in the collection. And I'm telling you that with great respect to mark, to illustrate the fact that this was not even a consideration at the time. So I told Mark, listen, don't do anything, don't say anything. Let me go back to Vancouver. I'll check everything. And we'll see what happens. At the same time I was doing that. John sinskey from Roche molecular systems have given us access to a new test that neither him nor us knew what he meant or what he was good for. But he was hoping that we would find an opportunity to test the test in one of the protocols that we were involved with those who are very active research days. Lo and behold, that was a PCR test. So I thought, Look, we don't know what's going on here. Let's retest the samples, use a second test and see if we can get a sense of what this is going on. To our surprise Eyes, still blinded, we were able to show that, to answer the study that had two drugs, were having viral loads, which at the time, we didn't know what he meant, but Barlow's coming down and rebounding, but a third arm had a viral load that was suppressed and persistently. So that was a moment that the rica moment that I always remember, and I never, you know, I never cease to enjoy just talking about it. That led to a number of meetings with the various colleagues and the ISC,