Saturday October the 29th purists College. This lecture is about introduction to TCP IP, Windows networking and I'll kick out the link to this as well. So if you want to have a reference to this later on, you can go and access it. So only people added in groups no I want everybody can view anybody with the link can be a viewer Okay good.
You're probably familiar with the internet and you might be familiar with the networking protocol the internet runs on is called wipe anybody know what we run the internet on?
What's the name of the network protocol, we run TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol, and then Internet Protocol. And this would probably be a good time for a break we're about into our first hour. So let's
Alright, so how we will do this skills assessment or how this learning activity will work? So step number one we're going to review and understand basic networking concepts, not too deeply. We have entire 14 week courses, where we learn about that, but we'll learn just enough to understand how to use ether real. And then we will learn about using ether real for things you might actually do on the job at work, which is debugging and troubleshooting, network connectivity problems and Windows. Now some things we can't really do. We don't have a fully equipped lab. We can't really, for example, debug problems with connecting to printers, but maybe you can like work with the person beside you. You can see about being able to do pings to their computer and stuff like that. Because as we're gonna see here, every network device on a network has an IP address. And if it's a printer, or a computer or a storage server, for you know, could be a 3d printer or something, whatever it is, you connect to it via IP address. That's our first learning concept. So first of all, we're going to study
basic networking concepts. And then we're going to learn how to use ether real
and then we're going to see how to use ether real to debug and troubleshoot Windows problems. Windows Server connectivity problems.
Step number one let's download ether real and well it's installing we can go and study our PowerPoints on basic concepts of networking. So join me over here go to the link I provided which is wireshark.org wireshark.org.
Now while Wireshark is a very popular tool out there and with what we're going to learn basically today and at least one other day, we will work on it in class, and then we're going to see how to use some PowerShell to automate our networking. And we're going to integrate Aetherium reel into those labs as well. So you're gonna be familiar enough with it, you can put it on your resume, you can say you've had level one training, you have some familiarity with the tool. So let's go and click here on download. And let's get the latest stable release. So I'm gonna go with Windows. If you are working on a classroom computer, right, either portable apps thing does not show whoever's talking, either you stop talking or I stopped talking. And because I'm here for my paycheck and I get paid either way, just all I really have to do is sit here till noon. So it's up to you, right? I don't really care in a sense. I'm going to do my best to teach it to you. But if you don't want to pay attention, I can't really help you too much in that case. So the portable apps is version of an installer, which does not require the admin password. So if you're at work or something and you want to do a problem determination on a computer, you can't do a regular install on or if you want to install the classroom machine, you could go with the portable apps. For right now. I assume most of us are using our own laptop and this is pretty cool. By the way, like you can even use this at home. If maybe you get like a new TV with you know, a network connection or something and you're having trouble getting it on the network. You could use it there are many situations in your regular everyday life. Now the internet becomes more and more a part of daily scene where these skills can help you solve real actual problems you're dealing with. So let's click on Windows Installer 64 bit
and let's save it somewhere you're going to find it later. Alright, so save your installer and then run it once it finishes downloading and just run
it the components Well hang on a second. Just let me get there myself and I'll talk through what they are. In general Yeah, you should but I'll talk about them in a second. Okay, so once it's downloaded double click to install Now Wireshark is open source, which means you can actually access the code as well. And if you're writing another product like I don't know some other, your own customized network Problem Determination tool. You can actually take the Wireshark code and use it in your own product. What does Wireshark do exactly? In about 10 minutes we'll be talking about that. Let's install it first. Right so in terms of the components, yeah, I would say to install all of them. So the plugins are things that let us generate reports. And I can't make this window any bigger. But we'll see about this. In a couple of minutes. You have your tools. So you have things like merge cap, for example, and your editor. You can generate log files. And actually some of these things which are not selected, I'm going to go and select them. So I'm going to select e t w DOM ether real dump, random packet dump. Basically, I'm going to select all of them. There's no reason they're not going to hurt you. There's no reason to not select all of them. The only thing I can think of is maybe if you didn't have enough hard drive space or something.
But I'm gonna select all the options here Okay, so next create shortcuts. Yeah. Whatever, just create some shortcuts. I won't do anything.
Install it in some directory. I don't like installing things in Program Files. I'm going to install it directly off my root as C colon backslash Wireshark
now in cap let's talk about that. I also talked about how to use Wireshark in my networking PowerPoint, which we're going to go through in a few minutes and which you have access to through
that Dropbox link I sent out.
So I already have NP cap there from before I have 1.0 from an earlier installation, it's now at 1.7. Now this is something called a packet capture protocol. It's a packet capture tool. And at this point, have you guys had a previous training as anybody had some training on networking or not yet? Okay, no, so we'll talk right from the beginning. Good. So we're gonna see about how TCP IP networking the internet, when I connect my computer to Facebook or YouTube or something, the way I'm conveying information is in something called packets. And packets are little envelopes in the sense. Like imagine if you wanted to write a letter to your grandmother. So you write the letter and then you fold it up, put it in an envelope, and you put recipients your grandmother's address, and you put your return address and you put a stamp on it and you drop it to the mailbox. That is a very good example of how information moves around on a network because the information is wrapped up in something called packets. And packets are like these little letters. And the packets are TCP transmission control protocol frames and the envelopes you put them in are the IP frames, right the Internet Protocol frames and because a large conversation like downloading a YouTube video is not going to fit in one TCP frame. It may take 1000s of frames. We have these things called conversations. And TCP frames have a conversation ID number. So when they're flowing through the router, each frame knows which conversation it's part of. Right now I'm actually teaching you in about one day things we normally have a 14 day course for so I'm dumping it on a little bit fast. And if you're feeling like you don't understand what I'm talking about. The one solution to it is to keep paying attention to me because I've done this many times before and I'm going to repeat it five or six or seven times and eventually it will start to make sense. For right now let's just stay focused on installing Wireshark by the way, it's much easier to teach networking with Wireshark because Wireshark actually gives you a tool and n cap lets you examine the contents of TCP frames. That's what it does. If we did not install n cap, we could use Wireshark for certain things. We could trace end to end points, but we could not actually put our hand on one frame and see the contents of it. So yeah, you definitely do want to install end cap. So say next currently installed USB p cap version. And it's not letting me install the new one because I haven't so that's okay. So now we'll say install. So it's gonna take a couple minutes to finish wrapping up. Alright,
so I think this is gonna take several minutes to finish installing. So now let's talk about networking. Now online people I'm going to use the whiteboard. Because the whiteboard is really the best way because I can talk and draw and everything and you're not going to see it. I realized that however next week we're gonna do the entire thing all over again. So if you're in class, then you will see it. And if you're not in class, well that's kind of your problem because you're supposed to be in class every other week. So the people we're not here now should be in class next week. If you decide to not come that's up to you but I can't help you in that case because I haven't figured out a way to draw a whiteboard over a Zoom meeting. So anyway, everybody pay attention as best you can here. Also, I have videos I'm going to kick out later. Most of what I say is also with videos I've done in previous classes. So watching the video may get you partial part of the benefit of of what I'm about to my drawing. I'm about to do here.
Morning. Day Alright, so let's get to work. Then I'm going to cover about three or four minutes of some of the basic introductory concepts. And then we're gonna go and see my PowerPoint slides, which has this information to really figure this stuff out so for the final screen you get here just accept all the defaults, all the the second one should be checked. To leave that as it is and say install.
All right, so um, guys pay attention and online people just follow along from my talking as best you can. In about early 1950s, the world had one computer and if we had one computer the networking wasn't really a big deal. But as we moved into the 1950s more and more computers started to become available. So they figured out it would be kind of cool if we could connect them together. So let's say we have computer a and computer B
that's ready to carry on.
So what are some of the reasons in general why we might want to do networking, and all these are kind of basic to Windows networking. There is other kinds of networking Linux is a big one you're gonna see it work for example, or you might work in a shop that uses a equipment from a certain vendor like Hewlett Packard, or IBM, right they have a s 400 and the S 380 range and stuff. Those things are a very small percentage of the marketplace. So if you get a job in a place like that, they are very likely going to train you what to do because they don't really expect people are going to walk into the job knowing how to work with those systems. However, Linux and Windows are pretty much going to expect you to worry. So things we can share here are things like storage, right so we can have things called storage servers, sand storage area network. You can also have printers that can be an own resource you share a printer is just a computer that can output something to paper. You can also have specialized services such as authentication
right so we've seen that in the case of Windows that will be your active directory. You can also have application sharing. Those are the four big ones and these could be questions at some point. These are all in your PowerPoints, but you could have application sharing and an example of application sharing. You probably all have Microsoft Word on your own computer. However, you could use Google Docs if you were working on a project with class members, classmates, you want it to have shared editor access to one document. Whereas Google Docs well it's up in the cloud somewhere and you access it through a web browser. So these are the reasons why we want to do networking. So work collaboration, for example. In the beginning there was client server and that was true that was from 1940, basically 1950s or late 40s. Really going through to the 1970s You had one server and then you had many clients coming into it.
And then starting in the 70s, we switched over to what was called peer to peer networking. So that was things like ether reel. Some of you may be familiar if you look at the back of these computers, you'll see these cables that are plugged in here. Yeah, so for example, the cables that have those little plastic square plugs on them those are called either real cables right Ethernet or ether Ethernet. So peer to peer
there were other ones as well that came and went. Some technologies were around in the 80s that were a big deal at the time, but they didn't go anywhere. I'm not mentioning them. But um Ethernet was one that stayed around writers stood the test of time. So that allowed us to plug computers together. So now we could have many different computers. And these could all be workers in the office, right? They're all chugging along doing their work, but they can collaborate. So collaboration sharing is another emerging need for networking. And that's a big thing in Windows. So for example, Windows has technologies that we're not going to talk about at this level, it would be in an advanced course. But it might be things like SharePoint. So SharePoint technology is very young. It's very, it's quickly rolling thing. If you get a chance to get a job where you're going to work with SharePoint and they will train you in it. Take that job. It doesn't matter if it's in the middle of a North Pole. It doesn't matter if you have to work the shift 11pm till 5am It doesn't matter whatever you have to do, just if you can get any kind of a job that put your hand on SharePoint technologies and get it because that's like a very hot roll thing right now.
We don't teach it in college because it's quite expensive the hardware as well as the software costs a lot but if you can get hired in our job, sometimes they will hire new graduates so you guys were interested in it to keep your eyes open for that. So anyway, these are the reasons why we do network right we in the beginning when we are here with client server. We wanted the server because computers were quite expensive, so we offloaded most of the important work to that. And then in the 70s computers got cheaper. So then we started hooking them all together. And now we're sort of back to a client server world because now websites are the services of servers. So now here's starting in about the 90s. We went over to a web model. And we went back to the web server as being the server is that's why it's a web server to server. And you are browsers, right your chrome and Internet Explorer browsers were now the clients and that's basically what SharePoint is SharePoint is a server and then we put clients on each workstation. And people can log in from their client to their SharePoint Server, and they can do all the standard office stuff. We need them to do like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, data analysis, and other like everybody else in the department. who's authorized to get access to it as well. So anyway, that doesn't really tell us how to do networking that just informs us of the kinds of things people think about wanting to do when they're doing
networking. Where's my brush?
Don't tell me they didn't give me a brush bastards. They took my brush Oh, no, they didn't. After all that foul language. They didn't take my brushes right here. But now we have to see. The next step is how exactly does networking work? Like what's the low level? It's like saying you have a light bulb or a projector? Well, how does that projector work? Right? It has a lens. It has a imaging element. It has a bunch of electronics, but it also needs electricity to actually make it work. So now we've seen what the high level purpose of networking is. Now let's go and see the very low level details of what enables things like authentication, sharing, storage, sharing hardware sharing applications we're doing collaboration. How do we actually make that work? Let's find
out so remember the example I gave you before. If you wanted to write a letter to your grandmother, you would take a piece of paper and you write out the letter and you tell her what's going on with your life. And then you fold it up and you put it into an envelope. Now the envelope would have the address where it's going to and you'd have the return address and you put a postage stamp there and drop it into the mailbox Well, that's pretty similar to what's going on with networking. Because now the content the data, which we're sending is now called a TCP frame. And these are terms I'm going to hold you accountable for on the tests, because some of the concepts of Windows networking, because it's networking, right? They didn't invent their own way of doing networking Windows uses TCP IP. So you're gonna have to know these terms. To be able to explain Windows networking concepts fortunately, they're all in the PowerPoint. We're gonna go over within a few minutes right so your data is in here. And TCP is transmission control
protocol
that's a frame because I mean ultimately, it's ones and zeros because it's data in the computer, but we talked about the TCP frame and if you get the Cisco network administrator exam, which is $109 us and it's not hard I remember when my daughter was in grade 10. I was talking to some of the other parents and we got together and we made this program on Saturday morning for the kids from nine till noon. And we taught them this I think it was about an eight week program. And they got a credit right we actually hooked it up with the Ministry of Ed so the students who pass this would get one computer science credit to their high school diploma. But anyway, the point and we basically did it as volunteers. We didn't get paid just because we thought it was important. The kids should learn about this stuff. But anyway, in four hours, times, 840 hours, and all of our students 100% of our students went and wrote the CNA, they became certified network administrator's, right because we gave them some practice questions and stuff. And those of you aspiring or desiring to get some certification to put on your resume. The CNA all I can tell you is that 15 and 16 year old children caught it no problem. And most of you are probably at least as smart as they are so that they can do what I think you could do as well. So anyway, everything I'm telling you now is related to supporting you to go and get that CCNA exam. If you want more details. You can ask me you can just Google it right how do I write the Cisco network administrator's exam and then you can buy the training material? Or you can I can just show you some you can watch YouTube videos on my YouTube channel for free which teaches the same thing. And then you pay for the exam then you go to a seven prometric center which are all over the place and then don't put some stuff out I think you should do it. Now do about So here's one thing you do need to memorize the TCP frame has 60 fields of data, which may seem intimidating, but the good news is you only need to memorize I think about seven of them. I will show you the seven most important ones. The other ones are needed for internal housekeeping details because TCP packets were meant obviously to live on the internet. And the Internet is a collection of routers that can packet forward packets from one to another. So a lot of these internal data frames and the TCP frame are related to the mechanical details are the sort of organizational details of how routers communicate with each other which at a high level. We were not going to go that much into it during introductory level course. But here's what you do need to know. So you have the data payload
and then you have the from information and you have the two information so from is the from IP address. All Yes, that's right. We haven't talked about IP addresses yet. Have we? Well, they're coming they're coming along. And then you have the two IP address and you have the from port, which we haven't talked about yet and you have the two port so this is the simple way if I have my computer over here, so I have Peter's laptop and then I have YouTube and I'm over there watching some videos. On I don't know I like to watch 1980s TV series like Remington Steele and stuff. Anyway, so I'm hooking up to the YouTube server. So initially, I fire up my browser and I put a URL in my browser like youtube.com. And then here is YouTube server, which is not one server. It's actually 1000s of servers and server administration. People can take two years of technical training. Just in fact, if you get hired by Google or YouTube, they will send you for training. But over the first four or five years of your being an employee there, you're going to take the equivalent of about two years of in class training because their services are so humongously complicated, right? So there's don't think from what I'm saying that YouTube is as simple like YouTube or Facebook, because they have many servers, they have failover. So if one server goes down, or one server gets too overloaded, they have mechanisms called edge servers for passing the traffic somewhere else. But in a very simple case, we lived in a world where we had like three servers and six clients, that everything I'm saying would be totally true. Anything which is more than this is to deal with complexity of you know, having like millions of clients sitting 1000s of servers at the same time. So here's Peter's laptop and I have a browser and I have all of this is running on my hardware, my Windows operating system, and my computer has a network interface adapter. And I'm hooked up to my home internet connection, which is Rogers or fight over somebody. I forget who I'm with right now. And this is called the Internet backbone and YouTube is also hooked up to the internet. So the first problem is how do I connect to YouTube? Well, one thing we know is that the only thing that can ever move over the internet is why. What's the only thing I can put on the internet? Anyway, the only thing I can currently address router IP address. Well that's part of it. But basically it's like asking, what's the only thing I can ever put in a mailbox while a letter. So the only thing I can put in the Internet is a TCP frame. So I must wrap up my URL as being the data payload in a TCP frame. And now that's half of it. The other half now is IP so there's TCP IP. So the other half of it is
Internet Protocol which more completely should be called Internet traffic routing protocol internet traffic routing protocol. So the TCP frame is the box that we put the data into.
And the IP is like the truck imagine like a flatbed trailer or something. Laughing at the instructor is an automatic five marks off your favorite example. But there's the truck and there's the driver. And there's the cargo so that is a that's IP. That's the Internet Protocol. That's all the packets get around. And of course we can put many boxes on one truck and the truck does not care what kind of a box it's carrying. And the box doesn't care what kind of a truck it's on. But those that that basically is how the internet works. So everything we move over the internet has to be in a decent well assuming you're using TCP IP. There's other protocols we're not going to get into. There's UDP SNA X 25 ATM, there's about three dozen protocols. But the chance you're ever going to see anything other than TCP IP is not very great. If you work for an Internet service provider, like those are the ones who have to maintain the Internet backbone. They don't use TCP IP is too slow. They actually use what's called a synchronous transfer mode. We're not going to get to it at all, but just bear in mind the point of my story is there's other ways to do networking besides TCP IP. And if you're in a country like in Africa, for example, a lot of countries there we can make TCP IP work fast because we have cable like thick copper cable that was installed in the 70s for cable TV. We also have fiber optic now a lot of the new apartment condo buildings are they have fiber optic right? They have glass like little grab glass strands, which can move light with photons and electrons. So that's pretty fast. But in countries like Africa I know is one because I know people who've done networking contracts there. A lot of the it's still a copper wire like telephone wire twisted pair. So they just have thin little copper wires. It does the job. It's good enough, but it will not support a TCP IP. So they use x 25 which is a very slow it's a very little power but it does the job. And interestingly with a lot of these countries now I know what now Africa they're going directly to wireless satellite. So they went directly from x 25. To wireless satellite. They skip the intermediate stages so the billions of dollars was spent in North America. Installing cable and then fiber optic, you know, they bypass that they didn't even waste their time and money in that they went straight to the newest thing. But anyway,
I think we're gonna take
a little break. Now when we come back. We're going to continue our discussion we're going to make one simple example of how a TCP IP connection works and then we're going to see how to use ether real I think this example of some activity will extend into next week, right? We'll finish it next week. But at the end of this you're going to have a very solid knowledge of networking. And you'll be reasonably you know, level one competent at ether real and that will be some very good stuff to put on your resume.
Anyway right now it is. It is. What is it? Oh, it's okay. Let's give it a break till 1025 And then we'll come back and go through a little news. So resume at 1025.
